Chemistry Definition - Hybridization

Chemistry Definition - HybridizationThe hybridization definition in chemistry means the application of one chemical substance with another to achieve the desired results. You will find that these compounds are often referred to as 'chemicals', but the word chemical is used for every single compound that a chemist produces. It may sound technical, but the truth is that it is quite simple.One of the first definitions of chemistry was given by the French physicist and philosopher, Voltaire. He defined chemistry as the study of the combination of the elements, which in modern day is commonly called the 'theory of chemistry'.With this definition in chemistry, we can go back to our roots and study the study of the origin of everything. The question now is what is the origin of all the elements? Is it an unanswerable question? The answer to that is that it is more complex than any one single answer would suggest.We all know that each element is made up of protons and neutrons, but what is m ore important is what happens when these two things meet. An element is formed when a proton and a neutron combine with the atomic nucleus, called the nucleus. If the nucleus was not there, then no element would have been created. Each of the elements has two neutrons and four protons.These two types of atoms must be kept separate for the element to exist. You will see many metals, that are commonly known as the 'metals' of the world, have only one of each type of atom in their structure.The basic definition of chemistry is to know the elements that make up the element. The purpose of chemistry is to find the two different types of atoms that exist in a compound and then combine them to form a new element. The main problem of this whole process is that the problem is making a lot harder by the fact that the two different types of atoms are much closer to each other than they are to the element that they are supposed to be combining with.This is because of the fact that the protons a nd neutrons are closer together in the nucleus than they are in the elements, so the atoms in the 'base' elements have to be very close to each other before they can interact. Chemists like to say that it takes chemistry six hundred million years to go through this process.

How to deal with culture clashes in the international classroom

How to deal with culture clashes in the international classroom When hiring teachers to teach in an international school, they are coming in to a classroom where many cultures might be coming together. For many of your teachers, this may be their first experience in such a culturally diverse classroom. And an international classroom can pose a unique set of challenges, including culture gaps or clashes. Sometimes, these differences can even make more culturally charged classroom conversations difficult, including racism, gender inequality, and other sensitive topics. Although some differences may arise from time to time, a diverse student population is something to celebrate. So what can a school’s administration do to bridge these gaps, should they occur? Read below for some tips on how to support your teachers in dealing with these difficult conversations and culture gaps. Empower your teachers through great training There are so many tools that teachers can be offered in order to handle these difficult situations when they arise, and many of these can cost very little. In fact, sometimes, it’s a matter of offering up a mentor to each new teacher to walk them through possible classroom scenarios and give them tips to diffuse any situations that could arise. Be as specific as possible A good starting place when you’re offering onboarding training and sensitivity training to your teachers is to be as specific to your community as possible. Don’t offer generalizations -- speak specifically to what issues your teachers may deal with. Teachers working in Saudi Arabia will have different conversations with their students than teachers in Korea. By offering teachers community-specific training, they will likely feel better equipped to engage in their new community using local communication norms. Encourage teachers to lead by example This is something important to communicate to your teachers. Students will look to their teacher as a guide for how to conduct themselves in the classroom. If teachers model inclusivity and respect for cultural differences, students may be more inclined to mirror this attitude. Teachers need to be encouraged to take a leadership role. The classroom should be a safe space for learning Just as some students shouldn’t feel bullied by others’ opinions, all students should feel free to speak their minds in a culturally sensitive manner. Teachers can be encouraged to use engaging language cues in their classroom in order to prompt other students to get involved, including, “Interesting opinion. Does anyone else have a thought?” Even encouraging teachers to ask their students to justify their answers by asking ‘why’ can model for students a more inquisitive and curious conversation model. Giveyour teachers the practical skills, knowledge and strategies needed to successfullydeal with increasing diversity in their classroom with Culturally Responsive Teaching, Teach Away's online professional development course for educators.Contact us about a special discounted rate for your institution today.

7 Ways To Prepare For Your First Year In Business School

7 Ways To Prepare For Your First Year In Business School Image via pixabay.com 1. Connect. If you’re just about to head off to business school, you may feel tempted to cut all your ties and start anew. After all, this is a new chapter in your life, right? Well, maybe, but networking is a concept constantly emphasized while in business school. There’s no need to start that process completely over. Connect or reconnect with professors and alumni you knew in the past. If they’ve gone to business school themselves, they can help you understand what you need to do before business school and what it will be like during. These are invaluable resources because they’ve already been there and done that. 2. Do a self-assessment. Optimizing your strengths in business school is the key to success. You may not have all the typical qualities a good business student has, but that doesn’t mean you can’t be just as successful. However, in order to capitalize on your strengths, you need to know them. Go out of your way to find out more about yourself and your leadership style in general. A trusty Myers-Briggs may be in order, or you can splurge on the Gallup Strengths Finder. Both, or any other tests you find, will help you better utilize the assets you already have to leverage your way to the top. 3. Prepare for recruiting. Something that most schools do when all the students arrive in the fall is hold large recruiting fairs with companies to provide various opportunities like internships, part-time work, co-ops, and even full-time jobs. The competition for these spots will probably be fierce, so it is beneficial to prepare ahead of time so your CV isn’t being made at the last minute. Look through your credentials, update your CV and resume, your LinkedIn, and any other professional contacts you may have. Practice a respectable and unique greeting for when you meet these professionals. You’ll be much more likely to create a lasting impression and score some huge opportunities if you’re prepared. 4. Don’t expect to know everything. You may have flourished in your previous years in school, but that doesn’t necessarily mean you’ll do just as well in a competitive business school. The standards will be higher and you will work harder than you ever have before. You’ll probably flounder just a bit at first getting adjusted to the rigorous life that is business school. If you let every mistake or misstep get you down, this isn’t going to help you learn and do better. Recognize ahead of time that you’re going to make mistakes and learn from them as you do. This will only help you grow into a better and stronger student. 5. Review what you do know. However, knowing you’ll make some mistakes doesn’t mean you should make all of them. A lot of mistakes can be prevented by simply remembering what you already know. So much time can be wasted trying to relearn old information which can mean you’ll start lagging behind or get overwhelmed by the amount of work you have to do at once. Most firsthand accounts of first year business school students say that most of the work is quantitative and methodical. It is likely just learning calculations and other similar things. But if you know and remember most of them, you’ll already be ahead of the game. 6. Attend an orientation. Most business schools will also host some sort of orientation for their new students before the semester starts. However, students that already have previous schooling may forego these because they think they’ve already adjusted. However, most new business school students will compare the first semester of business school to be as disorienting as living in another country. Everything is different. When you’re starting, if you aren’t acclimated, you’re going to spend a lot of your time just trying to figure basic things out instead of really learning. Attend the orientation to get a head start. 7. Just ask. Honestly, if you’re having any questions or qualms about business school, just ask the university. Even during the summer they’ll have at least a few advisers or professors on hand to answer some questions. They’re also the most likely to give you detailed and specific information about the university that you couldn’t really find out otherwise. You may not like calling or contacting people you don’t know, but the payoff may be worth it. Hopefully you’ve found some ideas you feel comfortable and confident to carry out before your first year. Whatever you do, don’t forget to go in with an open mind, ready to learn and to absorb everything business school has to offer you. Learn more about Kaplan’s test prep options and start building the confidence you need for Test Day.

Presidential Debates Wrap-Up

Presidential Debates Wrap-Up pixabay.com When and where?: The debate took place Wednesday, Oct. 19 at 9 p.m. EST at the University of Nevada in Las Vegas, Nevada. Like the other debates, this one lasted too long and no one said anything of substance. Just kidding … kind of. The debate ran for a full hour and a half, ending at 10:30 p.m. EST without any commercial breaks whatsoever (so at least there’s that). The debate aired on all major cable networks (ABC, NBC, FOX etc.). Who was there?: The bad news? Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton were present. The good(?) news, so was a FOX moderator. Chris Wallace, to be exact. He’s the anchor of Fox News Sunday and has won three Emmys as an anchor, so he’s got the credentials to back him. He has also covered most political events for the station and has done interviews with President Barack Obama as well as past president Bill Clinton (this interview was “famously testy,” so it was going to be interesting to see how he would handle this debate). Viewers knew he was not going to deal with any shenanigans at the final debate. What were the issues?: The format of the debate ran a lot like the first, in that there were six, 15 minute segments that covered topics that Wallace picked: Immigration (to wall, or not to wall?), Entitlements and Debt, the Supreme Court (and the Justice spot that needs to be filled), the Economy (our debt largely), Foreign Policy, and fitness to serve as President. So now that the debate is over, should you look up some highlights? Yes, because for one thing, Wallace did not take it easy on either candidate, so tuning in just for that fact is a good idea (have the alcohol ready). Also, the topics of choice were not the only things covered, as there’s plenty of controversy to go around on both sides. As we move closer to November, you can look forward to the following: For Trump, the likelihood of his crude comments (and possibly actions) against women will likely continue to stifle the issues at hand, especially as women continue to come forward while he denies any wrongdoing. For Clinton, be prepared to hear more about those emails, especially since there appears to be quite a bit of information that’s been covered up (more than we thought) which isn’t good for her trustworthiness. She’s acting like a true politician, and that’s not a good thing. You can also continue to expect to hear what makes each candidate unfit for presidency as told by the other. However, what you likely won’t hear is any indication as to why either candidate would be a good fit for the presidency. Go figure. That being said, this coming election season, go in with an open mind, weigh the pros and many cons, and pay attention to the issues at hand as much as humanly possible. The truth is, one of these candidates will be president come November, so be as informed as possible before heading into that voting booth! Again, this was the last presidential debate that you’re going to have to sit through for a while, so if you missed it, try to find some highlights, no matter who you are/aren’t voting for. For one thing, you’ll have a better idea what they’re talking about in the reenactment on Saturday Night Live, but for another thing, this is one of the most important, talked about and controversial presidential elections ever, and you can bet it’s going to be in the history books some day. So, what are your thoughts on watching these two duke it out for the commander in chief title? Let us know in the comments. Good luck, America, you’re going to need it.

Types of Math Tutoring at Texas A&M University

Types of Math Tutoring at Texas A&M UniversityTexas A&M University has a reputation for providing exceptional math tutoring services. They have a stellar reputation for supporting their students to succeed in math. They are certainly not the only school to offer math tutoring services, but many of the top public universities have programs for students to attend to provide such math assistance. When you're studying for the math curriculum at any university, the first thing that you will need to do is get professional tutoring so that you can improve your grades and ensure that you pass all your coursework.There are many types of tutoring that you can receive, including a fee-based tutoring service, and there is also an assortment of ways to receive tutoring through the various courses you have taken. For instance, if you've taken calculus or algebra, you will probably need tutoring in calculus and algebra at some point in time. A private tutor may be able to help you learn abo ut calculus, or you may need to seek out some college level tutors to help you become successful in algebra. Here are a few tutoring methods that will be available for students to utilize when they're looking for good math tutoring at Texas A&M University.These individuals will help students who are interested in learning how to become a math tutor, which is a great position for someone who wants to further their education in math. Tutors with a teaching certificate can work under the supervision of a certified math instructor. These tutors will not be allowed to grade student papers or grades, but they will help students learn the different types of ways that math can be applied.Those who wish to become a math tutor at the university should contact the Human Resources Department in order to make sure that they can qualify for the right education and licensing to be able to teach. There are many other areas of math that you will want to learn about as well. The math department i s generally open to providing tutoring to any students, and the Math Building will be available to allow anyone to learn more about the different types of math that you will need to know in order to excel in life and in math.Students who are interested in becoming a math tutor can learn how to teach the different types of math that students need in order to become successful. They should have a clear idea of what the students will need to know and how to teach it. A math tutor should also be well versed in mathematics and have an understanding of different types of math. If you have a basic understanding of the types of math that you will need to know, it can be a great stepping stone to becoming a math tutor at Texas A&M University.When you're looking for math tutoring at Texas A&M University, you will find that it is extremely easy to get a math tutor to assist you with your math homework, depending on how prepared you are. There are many qualified math tutors who can help students to develop their skills in the field of math and assist them in achieving great grades. Students should be able to get a very high quality tutor to work with them so that they will be able to get great grades and be successful in their studies.Texas A&M University has a large number of students who are studying math. You can learn the basics of the math that you will need to know and become a math tutor to help students who wish to be successful in math.

My Computer Tutor, Hutchinson MN

My Computer Tutor, Hutchinson MNMy Computer Tutor, Hutchinson MN, is a new company specializing in computer tutoring. They have been able to create a company to assist people who are interested in a career in computer support. They offer both residential and private tutoring as well as Internet-based tutoring. They have a website with plenty of information and examples of different programs they offer.The website design is informative and easy to navigate. It has features like forums, message boards, articles, videos, PDFs, and tutorials. The tutors on their staff are experienced and knowledgeable in their field. They have some of the best tutors on staff with references. They are able to answer any question you might have.My Computer Tutor, Hutchinson MN offers a variety of online classes to suit any skill level. Many times a group of students will be assigned to complete a lesson or two, depending on the individual requirements. They offer a professional certificate for completion of the program.The online experience allows you to improve your current state of knowledge and understand the material better. There are no practical skills required and no practice tests. You can work at your own pace and schedule your sessions any time you want. You can set the length of the session based on your skill level.Anyone can benefit from the course and learn common computer problems and solutions. The course is not intended to teach you how to 'program' so you do not need to know the programming language to take the course. However, the learning material is based on both programming and coding.My Computer Tutor, Hutchinson MN, has a variety of packages to choose from. Some individuals may only need one class or tutorial. Others may need several. There are two options available: residential and private tuition.My Computer Tutor, Hutchinson MN is a great choice for all levels of expertise in the computer industry. The tutors are experienced and know their field. The cours e teaches you what you need to know to 'fix' your PC and get you the job you want.

How To Solve Fractions

How To Solve Fractions A fraction is a quantity which is expressed part of the whole. Example: - If a certain quantity of rice is divided into four equal parts, each part is to be one- fourth (1 / 4) of the whole quantity of the rice.In a fraction a / b, a is called the numerator and b is called denominator of the fraction. Therefore Fraction = Numerator / Denominator Thus in a fraction 7 / 11; numerator = 7 and denominator = 11 How to solve fractions Converting mixed fractions into improper fractions. Multiply the integral part by the denominator and to this product, add the numerator. The result so obtained is the numerator of the required fraction. The denominator of the required fraction will be the same as the denominator of the given mixed fraction. Example: convert the mixed fraction 3 7/ 15 into an improper fraction. Solution: -The required improper fraction = (integral-part x denominator + numerator)/ denominator. = (3 x 15 + 7) / 15 = 52 / 15. Converting unlike fractions into like fractions: - Steps: -i) Find L.C.M.of the denominators of all the given fractions. ii) Multiply numerator and denominators of each fraction by the same suitable number so that the denominator of each fraction becomes equal to the L.C.M. obtained in step (i). Example: - Convert 3 / 7 and 4 / 5 into like fractions. Solution: - L.C.M. of denominators 7, 5 and 3 = 105 Now, 3/7= (3x15)/ (7x15) =45/105 4/5= (4x21)/ (5x21) = 84/105

Top Tips for Retaking the MCAT

Top Tips for Retaking the MCAT Unfortunately, even after months of preparation, students are sometimes faced with an MCAT score that lies below their goal. Though this certainly isnt a situation anyone necessarily wants to be in, coming to grips with the reality of what caused this outcome is paramount in improving your score the second time you attempt the exam. Below are some questions that will help you narrow down what went wrong the first time and ensure improvement on your retake. 1. How much did you study? The first thing you want to ensure is that you put in a sufficient amount of time preparing for the MCAT. Due to the vast volume of material covered on the exam, it takes approximately three to four months of dedicated study time to adequately prepare. Look back at your prep calendar and assess if you spent enough time. If not, create an appropriate study schedule now and stick to it for your second attempt. Since youve likely already done your fair share of reviewing, use the majority of your time to complete practice questions and exams as you move forward. 2. What did you focus on? A common problem many students have during MCAT prep is that they tend to focus on subjects they find easy, and hence enjoy, during the review process. You need to honestly assess your study period and recognize if you fell into this pattern. For instance, if you dread studying electricity and magnetism and consequently ended up spending less time reviewing that topic, that fact probably came through on your exam. In order to combat this, identify which topics you tend to avoid. While preparing for your retake, prioritize these topics and spend extra time on them, rather than shying away from them. If youre having trouble understanding the concepts, review notes from your undergraduate classes and consider periodically working with a tutor to clear things up. 3. Did you practice correctly? Completing practice question sets and practice examsare key to doing well on the MCAT. However, simply completing questions is not enough. Firstly, be sure that you are strictly timing all of your practice. Without time constraints, you may build bad habits that will be hard to reverse in the setting of an actual timed exam. Also, be sure that you are using practice as a method of review. When you go over question sets and exams, first look over which questions you answered incorrectly. Read the question explanations thoroughly and refer to your review materials. Fully understand why you missed the question and make note of which facts you need to know to ensure you dont miss a similar question in the future. Most importantly for your second attempt, be sure to use your practice question sets and exams to focus your review. Spend more time on topics and subjects that you score poorly on during practice, because these are likely the types of questions that you answered incorrectly during your first exam. If you find yourself guessing on many questions of a certain topic but happen to get them correct, be honest with yourself and spend extra time reviewing these topics as well. Practice questions are crucial in identifying your weak areas, so complete as many as possible as you prepare for the MCAT a second time. 4. How was test day? Think back to your test day and recall if there were any outside factors that may have affected your performance. Sometimes, especially if you had already addressed all of the factors above, anxiety can severely limit your focus and concentration. If you remember being excessively nervous, resolve to yourself that you will be calmer the second time. Now that you know exactly what to expect and will have additional preparation time under your belt, the kinks should be worked out. Overall, after attending to all of the above factors appropriately, most students will see a corresponding increase in their MCAT score. So dont be discouraged that youre re-attempting the exam rather, look at it as an opportunity to prove to yourself that you do, in fact, have what it takes to move on to medical school.

Vary Drawing Techniques to Become a Better Artist

Vary Drawing Techniques to Become a Better Artist How Can Learning to Draw with New Techniques Make You a Better Artist? ChaptersCharcoal SketchesGraphite for ContrastColoured Pencils for GradationPen for OriginalityPastels for Gesture DrawingA well-rounded illustrator is one who can employ a wide range of techniques. However, in order to reach this level of mastery, they often have to spend long hours working on their technique.Whether you work with a paintbrush, colored pencils, charcoal, oil pastel, or pen and ink, artists are spoilt for choice when it comes to choosing drawing materials!While some prefer to work with oil paints when painting a portrait, others choose colouring pencils.The drawing tools you use are completely up to you.So, are you ink or graphite? Here are some drawing tips for those in the dark about their art kit. FernandoDrawing Teacher 5.00 (8) £30/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors EmmaDrawing Teacher 5.00 (5) £75/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors DavidDrawing Teacher 4.75 (4) £40/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors NatashaDrawing Teacher 5.00 (7) £37/ h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors LorrenDrawing Teacher 5.00 (2) £18/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors Julia janeDrawing Teacher 5.00 (5) £60/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors EvelinaDrawing Teacher £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors ZangmoDrawing Teacher 5.00 (6) £25/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutorsCharcoal SketchesIf you’ve just started a drawing course or follow online drawing tutorials, your teacher will have told you about the techniques painters use to prepare for a portrait.Among these common techniques is charcoal drawing. Charcoal is essentially a stick of burnt wood which produces a black colour when used as a pencil.Charcoal was one of man’s first tools used for drawing reality on a flat surface, and is still a popular tool, as it can be used to trace an outline as well as for shading.By experimenting with charcoal, you will see that it helps to create fine details as well as larger ones depending on the way it is used, me aning that you can create striking drawings using just one charcoal pencil.The are many variations of the charcoal pencil, including softer and harder options that lend themselves to different artistic aims.In my drawing lessons, some of my classmates would use harder charcoal to sketch out the first basic shapes on their canvasses before committing to using paint. Learning the basics of drawing may seem tedious, but it is always helpful later on.Charcoal lends itself to realistic drawing as it is useful in sketching the beginnings or portraits as it is a soft material and therefore easy to erase!However, make sure that you don’t use a normal graphite eraser to do this. To erase charcoal, use an art eraser â€" this will help you avoid making tears in the paper or canvas.See different drawing courses London here.Charcoal may be messy, but it's its soft quality that makes it great for blending! ¦ source: Pixabay - pixel2013One of the advantages to using charcoal is that it is far e asier to get a good gradient that with a graphite pencil, as it is easier to blend, and so you don’t need to use other shading techniques such as cross hatching. However, if you want clear, sharp lines as when drawing a caricature, you might prefer graphite.Graphite for ContrastAre you keen to start drawing comic strips or keep a travel journal in pictures?What drawing tools are best for these kinds of projects?The first drawing tool that comes to mind when we think about sketching is the humble graphite pencil.Its silvery-grey quality and soft texture make it perfect for creating depth and a sense of colour within a piece.We all remember that even in nursery school, we were taught how to hold a pencil in our hand and use it to draw pictures, picking up vital drawing skills along the way.The pencil has always been a part of everyday life, but it is often rather underappreciated by those who aren’t interested in drawing. As simple as it may seem, graphite is a fantastic material for drawing, and this is the reason why the humble graphite pencil will always be important to artists all over the world.Even our prehistoric ancestors used graphite to trace pictures on the inside of caves! Today, graphite pencils come in many shapes and sizes.This is how they are categorised:9H to 9B,H stands for ‘hard’B stands for ‘black’ (meaning a softer lead)HB is in-between, so HB pencils are hard and black in equal measureDifferent types of lead lend themselves to different types of drawing, so while you may use a hard pencil for architecture or other technical drawings, you may use a blacker one for portraiture.Find your next drawing class. FernandoDrawing Teacher 5.00 (8) £30/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors EmmaDrawing Teacher 5.00 (5) £75/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors DavidDrawing Teacher 4.75 (4) £40/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors NatashaDrawing Teacher 5.00 (7) £37/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors LorrenDrawing Teac her 5.00 (2) £18/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors Julia janeDrawing Teacher 5.00 (5) £60/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors EvelinaDrawing Teacher £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors ZangmoDrawing Teacher 5.00 (6) £25/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutorsColoured Pencils for GradationGetting a new set of colouring pencils is the most exciting part of Christmas for many 5-year-olds, but even if they seem a little infantile as a drawing tool, colouring pencils have an important place in fine art!Of course, the way they are used by artists is a lot different from the way they are used by children, and so in order to get the most from them, you may have to move away from your current idea of them as children’s toys.With a quick google search, you’ll be able to appreciate the quality of the art produced using colouring pencils, and realise what they can help you achieve in your own art.The advantages to drawing with coloured pencils don’t stop at th e fact that they are coloured â€" you can also use them for shading and to create colour gradients. For example, if you’d like to include a red gradient in your drawing, there will be plenty of different shades of red to make this possible.To get started using coloured pencils, get yourself a set of at least 10 crayons â€" even if they’re only the basic ones, as they will help you practice your techniques before you invest in a more expensive set.The world of colored pencils is fascinating - you can even get watercolor ones! ¦ source: Pixabay - StockSnapColoured pencils are a controversial topic in the art world. Why? People disagree about whether using them is drawing or painting.This may seem petty, but let’s dig deeper.The technique used for drawing with a colouring pencil is closer to a painting technique. Of course, there are different techniques you can use, but it is argued that since painting reveals the grain of the paper, as does using coloured pencils, coloured pen cil drawings are, in fact, paintings. On the other hand, the pigment of the pencil can be weak and let a lot of light through to the paper, making it closer to drawing with a graphite pencil.The technique you use to draw is completely up to you, regardless of your view of drawing with colouring pencils!I would advise that if you wish to start drawing with coloured pencils it’s best to start with simple shapes such as an apple, which looks simple, but has a lot of fine details to be drawn.Once you feel comfortable drawing still life, you can begin to develop your own personal drawing style!Pen for OriginalityWe’ve all doodled in the corner of our notebooks at school.Regardless of whether we doodle out of boredom or a passion for doodling, ink is a great drawing material!The doodles in your sketchbook could represent the start of something bigger, especially if you’re considering a career in drawing and painting.There are many professions centred around artistic ability, includi ng illustration, graphic design, architecture, the list goes on!Although pens are usually set aside in art as a writing tool, they can be incredibly helpful to illustrators and artists, with some works even being created using nothing but a biro.These drawings are created by using the loop method.The smaller the loops are, the darker the final picture will be. On the other hand, the larger the loops, the lighter the picture will be.It’s important to bear in mind that learning how to draw a certain object doesn’t come with a rulebook, and doesn’t have to be traditional. Artists should be creative and find the style that expresses their imagination as effectively as possible.Inking with a more traditional type of pen using a metal nib and India ink is a common technique for satirical drawings.Pastels for Gesture DrawingPastels are another thing that aren’t just for kids!Pastel crayons are made from a mixture of powdered colour pigments and a non-greasy binder such as methylcel lulose.Pastels are a versatile drawing tool ¦ source: Pixabay - SKECCIOPastels, like paints and other materials also come in a number of categories. The two most well-known of these are oil pastels and hard pastels. The difference between these two types is that oil pastels are softer and more suited to blending, whereas harder pastels are better for line drawing and creating more detail within a drawing.There is range of techniques that can be used to create different effects with both soft and hard pastels when creating a portrait, landscape or still life drawing:Hatching: This is where lines and strokes are drawn and varying distances alongside and perpendicular to one another. When hatching with pastels of two different colours, optical mixtures can be created.Light touches:  This technique is used to suggest details (the shadows of a face for example), by applying fine lines to highlight and darken certain areas.Glazes: This technique is used to partially cover one colour wit h another. Layering tones puts colours contextualises objects and gives a drawing more harmony. Light colours on dark ones accentuates brightness, whilst dark on top of pale makes for greater depth.Fragmentation and dotting: Bold pastels are used to create images from dots. The final image is born from the accumulation of points and lines, without any blurring or blending. It’s not easy to begin with, so stick to two or three colours and remember to step back and take a look at the rendering.To improve your skills in pastel drawing, try practicing drawing animals which are moving, and try to incorporate their movement into your piece. This doesn’t just include the animal’s movements, but the movement of the grass in the wind, too, for example.The drawing materials you use to create your art and develop your personal artistic style is down to your goals and preferences as an artist.Some materials and techniques will suit you better than others, but keeping an open mind and tryi ng out new methods as you progress will give you the best chance of a fulfilling artistic career.